Free grammar guide · A1–B1 Exercises with answers

German word order — where the verb goes, made clear.

German word order looks strict, but it rests on four rules about one thing: the verb. Hindi speakers start with an advantage most English speakers do not have, because Hindi already puts verbs at the end. Here is how to use that advantage, and where it leads you astray.

In 30 seconds

  • Main clause: the conjugated verb is always the second element: Heute lerne ich Deutsch.
  • Two-part verbs: the second part (infinitive, participle, separable prefix) goes to the end: Ich muss heute arbeiten.
  • Yes/no questions and commands: the verb comes first: Kommst du?
  • Subordinate clauses (weil, dass, wenn, ob…): the conjugated verb goes to the very end, just as in Hindi.
  • subject
  • verb
  • time
  • place
  • object

Rule 1: the conjugated verb is always second

In a German statement, the verb that changes with the subject (lerne, lernst, lernt…) takes position 2. Position 1 can be the subject, but it can also be a time, a place or an object. Whatever stands first, the verb comes next, and the subject moves behind it.

Same sentence, different first element: the verb never moves
Position 1VerbRest
Ichlerneheute Deutsch.
Heutelerneich Deutsch.
Deutschlerneich heute.
In Punelerneich Deutsch.

"Position" means a building block, not a single word. In Pune is one block; so is Am nächsten Montag.

Hindi does the opposite: मैं आज जर्मन सीखता हूँ puts the verb last. So the first habit to build is pulling the conjugated verb forward to slot two.

Position zero

Five little linking words do not take a position: und, aber, oder, denn, sondern. After them, the normal order continues: Ich bin müde, aber ich arbeite noch.

Rule 2: the sentence bracket

Many German verbs come in two parts. The conjugated part stays in position 2; the other part goes to the end of the clause. Together they form a bracket (Satzklammer) around everything else.

The bracket: position 2 … end
Verb typeExample
Modal verb + infinitiveIch muss heute arbeiten.I have to work today.
Perfekt (haben/sein + participle)Wir haben gestern Deutsch gelernt.We studied German yesterday.
Separable verbDer Zug kommt um acht Uhr an.The train arrives at eight.
Future (werden + infinitive)Sie wird in Berlin studieren.She will study in Berlin.

Here Hindi helps you. In मुझे आज काम करना है, the main verb sits at the end, exactly where German puts arbeiten. Think of a German two-part sentence as Hindi order with one change: the conjugated helper (muss, habe, wird) jumps forward to position 2.

Rule 3: questions and commands

In a yes/no question, the verb comes first. In a W-question, the question word is position 1 and the verb is still second.

  • Kommst du morgen?Are you coming tomorrow? (Hindi adds क्या; German moves the verb.)
  • Wann kommst du?When are you coming?
  • Kannst du mir helfen?Can you help me? — the bracket still applies.
  • Kommen Sie bitte um zehn!Please come at ten. — a polite command also starts with the verb.

Rule 4: after weil, dass, wenn… the verb goes last

A subordinate clause starts with a conjunction such as weil (because), dass (that), wenn (if, when), ob (whether), als (when, in the past) or obwohl (although). Inside it, the conjugated verb moves to the very end.

  • Ich lerne Deutsch, weil ich in Deutschland arbeiten möchte.I'm learning German because I want to work in Germany.
  • Sie sagt, dass der Kurs morgen beginnt.She says that the course starts tomorrow.
  • Ich weiß nicht, ob er schon angekommen ist.I don't know whether he has already arrived.

This is where Hindi is a genuine head start. Compare …, weil ich in Deutschland arbeiten möchte with …, क्योंकि मैं जर्मनी में काम करना चाहता हूँ: the same order, word block for word block, with the verbs at the end. Trust your Hindi instinct here. Two details: with several verbs, the conjugated one comes last (arbeiten möchte, angekommen ist), and separable verbs join up again (…, wenn der Zug ankommt).

When the subordinate clause comes first

The whole subordinate clause counts as position 1. So the main clause starts with its verb, and you get two verbs side by side around the comma:

  • Wenn ich Zeit habe, lerne ich Deutsch.When I have time, I study German. — "verb, verb" is the sign you got it right.

The middle: time, manner, place

Between the verb in position 2 and the end of the sentence, German tends to put time before manner before place (often remembered as TeKaMoLo). It is a strong tendency, not an iron law, and it happens to match Hindi:

  • Ich fahre morgen mit dem Zug nach Berlin.I'm going to Berlin by train tomorrow.
  • मैं कल ट्रेन से बर्लिन जाऊँगा।Same order in Hindi: time (कल), manner (ट्रेन से), place (बर्लिन).

For the order of two objects (Ich gebe dem Kind das Buch / Ich gebe es dem Kind), see the Dativ guide.

Hindi vs German at a glance

Where your Hindi instinct helps, and where it misleads
StructureHindiGermanInstinct
Simple statementVerb lastVerb secondMisleads
Second verb partAt the endAt the endHelps
Subordinate clauseVerb lastVerb lastHelps
Yes/no questionक्या + normal orderVerb firstMisleads
Time, manner, placeUsually in this orderUsually in this orderHelps

Common mistakes

  1. Not Heute ich gehe ins Kino.But Heute gehe ich ins Kino.A time word in position 1 pushes the subject behind the verb.
  2. Not …, weil ich habe keine Zeit.But …, weil ich keine Zeit habe.After weil the verb goes last. (Spoken German sometimes breaks this; the exam does not reward it.)
  3. Not Ich habe gelernt Deutsch.But Ich habe Deutsch gelernt.The participle closes the bracket at the end.
  4. Not Ich rufe an dich morgen.But Ich rufe dich morgen an.A separable prefix goes to the end of the main clause.
  5. Not Wenn ich habe Zeit, ich lerne Deutsch.But Wenn ich Zeit habe, lerne ich Deutsch.Two fixes: verb last in the wenn-clause, then the main verb first after the comma.
  6. Not Du kommst morgen? (as a neutral question)But Kommst du morgen?Statement order with rising intonation exists, but it sounds surprised. A neutral question starts with the verb.

Exercises

Put the words in the right order, or correct the sentence. Then open the answer.

  1. morgen / ich / nach Mumbai / fahre (start with Morgen)
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    Morgen fahre ich nach Mumbai. — verb second, subject after it.

  2. ich / heute / arbeiten / muss / lange
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    Ich muss heute lange arbeiten. — modal in position 2, infinitive at the end.

  3. Wir haben gegessen gestern Pizza.
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    Wir haben gestern Pizza gegessen. — the participle goes to the end.

  4. der Film / wann / beginnt (question)
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    Wann beginnt der Film? — W-word first, verb second.

  5. du / Zeit / hast / heute (yes/no question)
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    Hast du heute Zeit? — the verb comes first.

  6. Ich stehe auf um sechs Uhr.
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    Ich stehe um sechs Uhr auf. — aufstehen is separable; auf goes to the end.

  7. Join with weil: Ich lerne Deutsch. Ich möchte in Deutschland studieren.
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    Ich lerne Deutsch, weil ich in Deutschland studieren möchte. — conjugated möchte goes last.

  8. Join with dass: Er sagt … Der Zug hat Verspätung.
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    Er sagt, dass der Zug Verspätung hat.

  9. Wenn es regnet, wir bleiben zu Hause.
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    Wenn es regnet, bleiben wir zu Hause. — the wenn-clause is position 1, so the main verb comes next.

  10. Join with weil: Sie kommt nicht. Sie ist krank geworden.
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    Sie kommt nicht, weil sie krank geworden ist. — with two verbs, the conjugated ist is last.

  11. Ich fahre nach Delhi morgen mit dem Bus. (neutral order)
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    Ich fahre morgen mit dem Bus nach Delhi. — time, manner, place.

  12. Join with ob: Ich weiß nicht … Kann er morgen kommen?
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    Ich weiß nicht, ob er morgen kommen kann. — the yes/no question becomes an ob-clause with the verb last.

Where to go next

Practise this inside the Klarweg course

Klarweg colours every sentence by role, so you see the verb's position before you memorise a rule. The A1 course builds word order step by step: Chapter 19, Satzposition; 25, trennbare Verben; 28–30, Perfekt; and 33, Sätze verbinden. B1 Chapter 2 then covers weil, da and obwohl in depth. Chapter 1 of A1 is free, with no signup.